劇烈天氣學群 – 中國文化大學大氣與地質科學系

颱風動力學TROPICAL CYCLONE DYNAMICS

lmtsai — Fri, 05 Apr 2024 05:00:54 +0000

本課程將針對颱風主題進行更深入的介紹，使學生對颱風的生成、發展、運動、強度、結構、觀測、數值預報、海氣交互作用、氣候變遷與民生防災等相關議題上有更多的瞭解與認識。藉以提供學生更多進階的颱風知識，並從中激發學生對颱風研究的興趣。
課程大綱：針對颱風的生成、發展、運動、強度、結構、觀測、數值預報、地形交互作用、海氣交互作用、氣候變遷與民生防災等相關議題進行授課並介紹最新的颱風研究進展。

The course will focus on basic dynamics of tropical cyclones and use them to explain tropical cyclone structure and intensity changes as well as their motion. Since there is no suitable textbook for the course, we will use some journal papers that are fundamental and updated to the topics to be discussed. We will also briefly discuss modeling and prediction of tropical cyclones with advanced numerical models. The focused topics are structure, formation, track, intensity, dissipation, energy source, forecast, surges, waves, rain and climate change of tropical cyclone.

中尺度氣象學MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY

王嘉琪 — Fri, 05 Apr 2024 04:31:44 +0000

短時而劇烈的強風豪雨往往帶來意想不到的不便及災害，這些天氣現象通常是伴隨如鋒面降水、颱風、中尺度對流系統、雷暴或颮線等系統而來，而這些天氣系統皆可屬於中小尺度氣象所研究探討的範疇。隨著先進大氣觀測及遙感探測儀器技術的發展，高時間與空間解析度的觀測資料已可充份的對各類的中尺度天氣現象進行完整的分析。本課程將從介紹中尺度氣象的定義開始，並說明主要的中尺度天氣系統其生成、發展、維持、消散過程及物理機制。探討議題包含大氣對流、穩定度、中尺度天氣系統的動力與熱力結構特徵，地形相關的降水加強機制、氣流變化與微物理過程。學生可尋找有興趣的個案進行資料的搜集分析或預報，分組閱讀研究文獻，並在課堂上以進行報告。
The severe damages were usually caused by strong winds and heavy precipitation, the occurrences of such meteorological phenomena are related to approaching front, typhoon, mesoscale convection system, hailstorm, and squall line etc. Those weather systems can be discussed in the category of mesoscale meteorology. Recently, more complete pictures of mesoscale weather systems can be well documented by high spatial and temporal resolution of observations due to advanced technology on observational instruments and atmospheric remote sensing. This course will start from the introduction in the definition of mesoscale meteorology onto the physical mechanisms in the processes of initiation, development, maintenance, and dissipation associated with the weather systems. Atmospheric convection, stability, dynamic and thermodynamic characteristic are discussed. The details in enhancement of orographic precipitation, the changes of airflow nearby terrains will also be included in this course. The oral presentation is required, students need to collect data, analyze the data, and present the results in the end of semester.

臺灣中尺度天氣專討

lmtsai — Sun, 15 Aug 2021 05:45:24 +0000

本課程的主要目的為培養學生基本的氣象分析與報告能力，課程內容主要針對發生在台灣地區中尺度天氣系統作系列專討，讓學生利用所收集的氣象資訊，予以判斷分析，然後將結果呈現並加以討論。這一連串的訓練過程對於學生未來從事大氣研究或相關專業工作時將有實質的幫助。 The main objective of this course is to establish the basic ability of analysis and presentation for students who are interested in mesoscale weather systems occurring in Taiwan. Students are requested to digest their own collected information and to demonstrate and organize their analysis results. These training processes are especially helpful for students who will devote themselves to the meteorological research and/or other relevant professional career in the future.

雷達氣象學RADAR METEOROLOGY

lmtsai — Sun, 15 Aug 2021 05:43:30 +0000

氣象雷達乃大氣觀測中一項相當重要之觀測儀器，大部分的氣象觀測都是點的資料，若要得到面、或是立體的資料唯有透過遙測的方法，氣象雷達是最重要的遙測儀器之一，近幾十年來是在天氣的守視上不可缺少的工具，如颱風、梅雨等等降水系統。除了天氣守視之外，氣象雷達資料也廣泛用於科學研究，如颱風、梅雨、對流系統結構等等議題。本課程之教學目的乃培養學生瞭解氣象雷達之原理，以及對雷達之料之分析及判讀。學生若具有天氣學、中尺度天氣學或是颱風方面的背景知識再來選修此課程為佳，學習此課程之後學生可朝兩方面發展，(1)學術研究領域，或(2)應用領域，如天氣預報等。授課內容涵蓋(1)傳統雷達，(2)折射率與電磁波的傳播，(3)雷達回波的降雨估計，(4)都卜勒雷達原理，(5)雷達回波及速度場的判讀，(6)氣象雷達近期的發展與應用。課程最好可以安排到作業單位的參訪或實習。
Weather radar is a very important instrument in atmospheric observation. Most meteorological observations are point data. The only way to obtain three-dimensional data is through remote sensing. In recent decades it has been an indispensable tool for monitoring weather, such as typhoons, May-yu, and other precipitation systems. In addition to weather monitoring, weather radar data are also widely used in scientific research. The purpose of this course is to train students to understand the principles of weather radar and to analyze and interpret radar data. With the knowledge, students may advance to (1) academic research fields, or (2) application fields, such as weather forecast etc. The content includes (1) traditional radar, (2) refractive index and electromagnetic wave propagation, (3) rainfall estimation of radar echo, (4) Doppler radar principle, (5) interpretation of radar echo and velocity field, (6) Recent development and application of weather radar.

天氣分析與預報學WEATHER ANALYSIS AND FORECAST

lmtsai — Sun, 15 Aug 2021 05:42:45 +0000

本課程希望透過實際天氣個案的分析與預報，引領同學進入天氣預報的領域。學期中將以每週實際的天氣預報，介紹預報過程及所參考引用的資訊，同時分享分析與預報天氣的經驗，並簡述相關天氣系統的特徵，幫助同學們在上完本課程後，能學會如何簡單地預報天氣及解讀天氣預報訊息。

This course will lead students enter the field of weather forecast by analyzing and forecasting routine weather. We will show how forecasters make daily weather forecast and what kind of data and information they refer. We will also give some brief introduction about the weather systems or phenomena that we often encounter at Taiwan and share some experience in forecasting procedure. We hope students can know how to forecast weather and realize weather prediction informations after finishing this course.

衛星氣象學SATELLITE METEOROLOGY

lmtsai — Sun, 15 Aug 2021 05:42:27 +0000

本課程的目的在使修課同學熟悉衛星資料之研判技巧、如何從衛星雲圖辨認各種天氣系統以及衛星資料在不同天氣系統（如中緯度、中尺度和熱帶天氣系統）之應用。教學內容如下： (1)氣象衛星簡介； (2) 衛星資料之研判技巧；(3) 各種天氣系統之辨認；(4) 衛星資料在綜觀尺度 (如: 大尺度雲系之分析、地面鋒面與脊線、高空槽脊線及高層噴流之定位)；(5) 衛星資料在中尺度天氣系統之應用 (含形成與加強之激發機制、移動過程)；(6) 衛星資料在熱帶天氣系統 (如高空冷渦) 和颱風 (含中心定位及強度分析與預報)。
The following topics are included in this course, hoping that they can benefit students on the related courses, research and the operations in the future. 1. introduction to meteorological satellite, data types and characteristics as well as the relative interpretation techniques. 2. the analyses and applications of the satellite data on different weather scales: a. synoptic weather scale, such as to analyze the large scale cloud systems, to locate the surface front band and ridge lines, upper trough and ridge lines as well as upper jet stream; b. tropical weather systems (such as cold low in upper troposphere) and typhoon (including center locations, intensity analysis and forecasting); c. mesoscale convective systems (including the trigger mechanism of initiation and intensification as well as the propagation process).

數值天氣預報

lmtsai — Sun, 15 Aug 2021 05:42:03 +0000

數值天氣預報是以天氣演變的物理過程為主要研究對象，結合氣象學與計算機科學，已成為從事大氣科學研究工作者不可不知的知識，也相當程度的彌補了主觀預報的不足。
The course of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) focuses on understanding the physical processes of the atmosphere, combing the knowledge of meteorology and computer sciences. The process of NWP can help improve the subjective prediction.

本課程的目的為介紹數值天氣預報的基本概念、原理及各種不同種類數值模式特色、限制。課程內容將針對下列主題作系統性介紹：
The goal of this course is to introduce the basic concepts of NWP, its principles, and differences between numerical models.

1.數值天氣預報的簡介 Introduction of NWP
2.模式的架構與動力 The framework and dynamics of the model
3.雲與降水的參數化 Parameterization of clouds and precipitation
4.物理過程的參數化 Parameterization of physical processes
5.資料的處理與解讀 Post-process and interpolation of model outputs
6.資料同化 Data assimilation
7.大氣的可預報度與系集預報 The ensemble prediction
8.數值模式的現況與展望。 The current status and future projection of NWP

近地面微氣象學

lmtsai — Sun, 15 Aug 2021 05:39:50 +0000

近地面微氣象學是在探討發生在大氣邊界層（或可稱為行星邊界層）的各種大氣現象，在大氣邊界層中，大氣與地球表面具有顯著的動量，質量及熱量交換，而其觀測特徵如溫度,速度及密度具有高度的變異性，且這些現象主要牽涉到小尺度的過程。雖然大氣邊界層只佔大氣層的極小部分。然而其伴隨的小尺度物理過程對於人類活動及生物生存有重要影響。本課程內容將針對下列主題作有系統的闡釋：1.微氣象學簡介 2.近地面層的能量收支 3.土壤溫度與熱量傳送 4.大氣邊界層的溫度與濕度 5.大氣邊界層的氣流特性。

The scope of micrometeorology is limited to only those phenomena occurring in the atmospheric boundary layer (or called planetary boundary layer). Significant exchange of momentum, heat, or mass takes place between the surface and the atmospheric air. Sharp variations in the properties of the flow, such as temperature, velocity, and mass, also occur in the boundary layer. These characteristics are primarily related to the small-scale processes. Although the atmospheric boundary layer comprises only a tiny fraction of the atmosphere, its associated small-scale physical processes are important for the human activities and even survival of life on earth. The course outline will primarily include: (1) Introduction, (2) Energy Budget near the Surface, (3) Soil Temperature and Heat Transfer, (4) Air temperature and Humidity in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, (5) Wind Distribution in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer.