核心專業課程 – 中國文化大學大氣與地質科學系

雲物理學CLOUD PHYSICS

lmtsai — Sun, 15 Aug 2021 05:39:22 +0000

雲物理是一門探索雲及降雨生成發展的基礎科學；從單一微小的雲粒子生成，到較大雨粒子的形成，以致於最後水粒子降到地表產生降雨。乃是一連串各種不同物理過程的結果，而大氣雲雨的發生不僅牽涉到大氣中水汽飽和度及雲凝結核特性外，也與雲內粒子之間的交互作用密切相關。雲物理學的主要範疇在於利用嚴謹的熱力學定律及物理理論來解釋雲內水相或冰相粒子生成及其成長的過程，並藉以說明它們與實際雲雨觀測的相關。這裡所討論的現象尺度常介於公分至微米之間（即雲內粒子可能的半徑大小），因此與探討雲內較大尺度空氣運動的雲動力學有所區別。

“Cloud Physics” is a fundamental science dealing with the formation and development of cloud and precipitation. Formation of cloud droplets, raindrops, and precipitation is indeed subject to different physical processes, and the development of cloud and rain relate not only to the atmospheric moisture and condensation nuclei but to the interactions among in-cloud droplets. The science of cloud physics is to utilize the related thermodynamic principles and physical theories to describe the processes of the formation and growth of in-cloud liquid and ice droplets and to explain the observed properties of clouds and rain. Note that, in contrast to “Cloud Dynamics”, which focus on a larger scale process of air motions within cloud systems, the horizontal scale of interested phenomena in “Cloud Physics” is usually confined within centimeters to micrometers, i.e., approximately the size of liquid and ice particles in clouds.

大氣輻射學ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION

lmtsai — Sun, 15 Aug 2021 05:39:05 +0000

氣候的表徵呈現於大氣圈，大氣環流則扮演傳送的角色。大氣不斷在運動，運動所需的能量，源自太陽。要瞭解有多少太陽輻射能量可為地球使用，我們必須先知道大氣成分、地表特性、雲量等影響太陽及地球輻射的因子。因此，在本課程中，我們將分別介紹太陽輻射與地球長波輻射的特性，並了解地表與大氣的輻射平衡狀態，再以整體的探討，從加熱分布不均勻而被驅動的大氣運動，進一步談到改變氣候系統的狀況以及能量的分布。

The general circulation plays an important role to transport energy in the atmosphere. The source of the energy on the earth is mainly from the sun. It is very important to understand how much solar energy can be used for the atmospheric circulation. It is also necessary to understand the components of the atmosphere, the land surface characteristics and the impact from clouds when the atmospheric radiation are discussed. In this class, we will introduce the basic theories of the radiation, the main features of the solar radiation and the planetary long wave radiation from the earth. Finally, a detailed discussion of the atmospheric circulation associated with the radiation and energy budget is provided.

大氣動力學ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS

lmtsai — Sun, 15 Aug 2021 05:38:48 +0000

大氣動力學為學年課，上學期介紹大氣運動基本定理和控制方程，提供未來大氣專業課程之基礎。內容包含三大守恆定律、大氣控制方程、環流和渦度、以及大氣邊界層原理等。下學期介紹準地轉理論、大氣波動、斜壓不穩定、正壓不穩定、大氣環流等。課程內容包含：
第一章：介紹
第二章：基本守恆定律
第三章：基本方程之應用
第四章：環流與渦度
第五章：行星邊界層
第六章：綜觀尺度運動(I)：準地轉分析
第七章：大氣振盪：線性擾動理論
第八章：綜觀尺度運動(II)：斜壓不穩定
第九章：熱帶動力
第十章：大氣環流
This course introduces fundamental theories and governing equations for atmospheric motions to provide the foundation for advanced courses in atmospheric sciences. In the first semester of this course, we will introduce basic principles of atmospheric motions, including three major conservation laws, atmospheric vorticity and circulation, and planetary boundary layer. In the second semester, we will introduce atmospheric dynamic theories, including quasi-geostrophic theory, atmospheric waves, baroclinic instability, barotropic instability, atmospheric circulations, etc.

天氣學SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY

王嘉琪 — Sun, 15 Aug 2021 05:37:36 +0000

天氣學是以大氣動力為基礎，亦即以空氣的運動為起點，分析研判天氣現況並由而預報未來天氣之學。內容包括（一）分析：根據全球同步觀測資料所進行之分析，以及用主觀（手工）或客觀（電腦）的方法繪製天氣圖；（二）診斷：以分析後的資料或天氣圖進行之診斷，其目的在於瞭解天氣以及天氣的演變與氣壓系統間的關係，進而製作天氣預報；及（三）預報：利用預報法則（主觀／統計）或由預報方程組為基礎所建構之數值模式預報未來天氣等三部分，理論與實作並重。
Synoptic meteorology is based on atmospheric dynamics, which is, starting from the movement of air, analyzing and diagnosing the current weather conditions and predicting future weather. The content includes (1) Analysis: analysis based on global synchronous observation data, and drawing weather maps using subjective (manual) or objective (computer) methods; (2) Diagnosis: based on analyzed data or weather maps Diagnosis, the purpose of which is to understand the weather and the relationship between the evolution of weather and the weather system, and then produce weather forecasts; and (3) Forecasting: using physical rules (subjective/statistical) or numerical model forecasting future weather. These three parts, including future weather, pay equal attention to theory and practice.

程式設計與氣象繪圖PROGRAMMING AND METEOROLOGICAL GRAPHICS

lmtsai — Sun, 15 Aug 2021 05:37:18 +0000

本課程接續Fortran程式設計，教授學生透過Linux作業系統處理氣象資料。本課程主軸為GrADS氣象繪圖軟體，在操作中，我們會運用實際的資料透過GrADS繪製地圖、大氣剖面圖、衛星雲圖等圖形。
This course follows after Fortran Programming, instructing students on plotting meteorological data on linux. The core of this course is the GrADS software. In our exercises, we will use actual data to plot maps of meteorological parameters, vertical cross-sections, satellite images, and other data.

大氣測計學 ATMOSPHERIC INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT

lmtsai — Sun, 15 Aug 2021 05:37:01 +0000

氣象資料是研究各種天氣現象必備的資料，氣象觀測是獲取氣象資料數據唯一的途徑，大氣測計學是介紹量測氣象資料（如氣壓、溫度、溼度、風速、風向等等）的儀器、量測方法的課程，是大氣科學中基本課程之一。大氣測計學(1)課程內容主要介紹地面氣象觀測為主，包含雲、氣壓、溫度、溼度、降水、蒸發量、風速、風向、天氣現象、能見度、日照、輻射等等，課程中也會安排實做及參訪。
Meteorological data is the necessary data for the study of various weather phenomena. Meteorological observation is the only way to obtain meteorological data. Atmospheric measurement course is to introduce instruments and meteorological data (such as air pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, etc.) It is one of the basic courses in atmospheric science. The content of Atmospheric measurement (1) mainly introduces ground meteorological observations, including cloud, air pressure, temperature, humidity, precipitation, evaporation, wind speed, wind direction, weather phenomena, visibility, radiation, etc. This course will also arrange hand on observation and site visits.

流體力學

lmtsai — Sun, 15 Aug 2021 05:36:44 +0000

流體力學乃大氣科學一門基本課程，目的在使學生瞭解流體運動的基本原理，並開始熟悉大氣動力相關數學方程與物理意涵。課程將著重於基本方程之數學推導與流場之物理概念詮釋，並討論無黏性流體流動現象與基本解。
課程內容包括：
1. 流體力學介紹
2. 流體之特性
3. 流體運動學
4. 流體守恆定律
5. 無旋轉流體
6. 動力相似性
7. 層流及邊界層流體
8. 流體波動
This class will introduce the basic kinematics of fluid to undergraduates. The basic equations and physical explanations of the atmospheric dynamic will also discuss in class.
Class outline:
Chap. 1 Introduction
Chap. 2 The physical properties of fluid
Chap. 3 Kinematics of fluid flow
Chap. 4 The conservation laws
Chap. 5 Irrotational flow
Chap. 6 Dynamical Similarity
Chap. 7 Laminar flow and Boundary Layers
Chap. 8 Waves

大氣熱力學ATMOSPHERIC THERMODYNAMICS

王嘉琪 — Sun, 15 Aug 2021 05:36:21 +0000

本課程之主要內容在提供同學熱力學的基礎，此為大氣科學的重要基礎科目之一。大氣現象的演變，除了受到運動定律（亦即動力學）的控制外，熱力過程也扮演重要的角色。本課程的內容包括熱力學之主要定律、水蒸氣（水氣）的作用、小水滴與冰晶的作用、各類熱力應用圖、大氣的熱力過程、以及大氣垂直靜力穩定度…等。
This course focuses on basic knowledge of atmospheric thermodynamics for undergraduates. The evolutions of atmospheric phenomena are governed by laws of conservation (i.e., dynamics) and thermodynamic processes. The contents of this course include principles of thermodynamics, effects of water vapor, water drops, and ice crystals, thermodynamic diagrams and processes, and vertical stability of the atmosphere.

應用數學 APPLIED MATHEMATICS

lmtsai — Sun, 15 Aug 2021 05:35:49 +0000

大氣科學是一門理論與實際兼備的科學，這些實際的問題仍然是有其理論基礎的，因此數理的基礎相當重要，數學相關的課程很重，其中應用數學是指要的數學核心課程。應用數學乃一學年的課程，培養大氣科學及相關科系學生所需之基本數學原理及計算能力，此基礎課程將用於往後與大氣相關之基礎課程及應用課程如流體力學、大氣熱力、大氣動力、天氣學、數值方法及數值預報等等。乃大氣科學系之必修科程。本課程由淺入深，首先介紹什麼是微分方程式及一階微分方程式，及一階方程式所伴隨的物理問題，進而介紹二階及高階微分方程式。由於某些重要的微分方程式無基本函數解，因此需利用級數方式解及拉式轉換求解。此外富利業級數更是重要的一環，舉凡大氣的任何現象均可視為是波動，富利業級數就是處理波動問題不可或缺的數學方法。再者，許多資料處理皆需要透過矩陣進行運算，因此本課程也將介紹線性代數。
The atmospheric science is a kind of science that covers theories and real phenomena. However, all the phenomena have their theoretic background. Therefore, the mathematical background is extremely important. The purpose of this course is to establish the solid background for students to advance their ability for other basic and application courses, such as fluid dynamic, atmospheric thermodynamic, synoptic dynamics, numerical weather prediction, and so on. This course covers many aspects that students have to study, such as ordinary differential equations, power series method, Laplace transform and Fourier transform. Also, in data analysis, matrices are often used, so in this course we will introduce linear algebra.